( 10, 11) This observation has been supported by the findings that consuming energy drinks reduces endothelial function and stimulates platelet activity through arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation in healthy young adults. ( 9) Recently, energy drink consumption has been related to myocardial infarction in healthy 17-and 19-year-old boys. ( 8) Additionally, atrial fibrillation has been reported after high energy drinks ingestion in two healthy boys, 14 and 16 years of age. In addition, significant cardiac manifestations such as ventricular arrhythmias, ST segment elevation and QT prolongation have been documented following energy drink overconsumption. These findings were attributed to the ergogenic effects of the caffeine content of the energy drink. Several studies have shown an increase in heart rate and arterial blood pressure after energy drink consumption. Here we review the available literature on the beneficial and adverse health effects related to energy drinks consumption. There are limited comprehensive literature reviews that illustrate in detail the suitability and safety related to energy drink consumption, particularly among young adults. In fact, the adverse health effects associated with energy drink remains controversial among scientists. Despite this, manufactures of energy drinks claim these products are suitable for consumers and that they are safe. There have been several reports that showed adverse health effects associated with energy drink. Other commonly used constituents are taurine, methylxanthines, vitamin B, ginseng, guarana, yerba mate, acai, maltodextrin, inositol, carnitine, creatine, glucuronolactone, and ginkgo biloba.Ĭurrently, significant concerns have been raised about the safety of these products. ( 7) Most of the brands on the market contain large amounts of glucose while some brands offer artificially sweetened versions. They usually contain 80–150 mg of caffeine per 8 ounces, which is equivalent to 5 ounces of coffee or two 12-ounce cans of caffeinated soda. The major constituent in most energy drinks is caffeine. ( 6)Įnergy drinks are designed to give an “energy boost” to the drinker by a combination of stimulants and energy boosters. Around half of the Saudi University students who participated in a survey admitted to regular consumption of energy. ( 5) The popularity of energy drinks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia does not seem to differ from other parts of the world. ( 4) In the U.S., energy drinks are the second most common dietary supplement used by young people about 30% consume energy drinks on a regular basis. Approximately, two thirds of energy drink consumers are 13–35 years old, and boys are two thirds of the market. Energy drinks are aggressively marketed in places popular with teens and young adults. Manufacturers recently have shifted their consumer focus from athletes to young people. retail market value for energy drinks was around 12.5 billion USD in 2012 and the market increased 56% from 2006 to 2002. The annual consumption of energy drinks in 2013 exceeded 5.8 billion liters in around 160 countries. ( 2) Since then, the energy drink market has grown dramatically, with various brands released worldwide. ( 1) In Europe, they were launched for the first time in 1987 then the market expanded throughout the world, becoming very popular after the launch of Red Bull in 1997. The first energy drink appeared in the U.S. Energy drinks belong to a class of products, in liquid form, that typically contain caffeine, with or without other added dietary supplements.
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